瞬息动词(瞬间动词)是指在极短时间内完成且不可延续的动作。这类动词通常不与表示持续时间的状语连用,且常用于完成时态。以下是常见的瞬息动词分类及示例:
一、基础常用瞬息动词
动作开始类 begin, start, open, begin (如:He began to sing. / The meeting started at 9 AM.)
动作结束类
stop, end, finish, close (如:She finished her homework. / The movie ended suddenly.)
移动类
go, come, arrive, leave (如:They arrived at the station on time. / He left the room abruptly.)
状态变化类
become, turn, become (如:The sky turned red at sunset. / She became angry suddenly.)
其他常见类
die, win, lose, give, join, receive, buy (如:He won the competition. / The gift arrived yesterday.)
二、转换成持续性动词的规则
瞬息动词在完成时态中需转换为持续性动词,通常通过以下方式:
使用现在分词: 如 have been doing
使用过去分词:如 have finished(如:The project has been finished.)
三、使用注意事项
时态限制:
瞬息动词一般不用进行时态(如现在进行时),但可通过 be + doing表示将来(如:The meeting is starting soon.)
时间状语:
与表示持续时间的状语(如 for two hours)连用时需转换(如:He has been working for 3 hours.)
语义区别:
部分动词如 open(打开)为瞬息动词,而 opening(打开的动作)为持续性动词
通过以上分类和规则,可以更系统地掌握瞬息动词的用法。